Category: Class 12

https://chemistryforcompetition.com/chemistry-ppts-for-tutors/

Chemical Kinetics

“The branch of chemistry in which mechanism of the chemical reactions is studied by measuring the rate of reaction is called chemical kinetics.”

In chemical kinetics, too fast or too slow reactions are not studied. In between these two extreme reactions, there are a number of reactions whose rate can be measured under reaction conditions and only these reactions are studied in chemical kinetics.

Q.Which of the following reactions cannot be studied in chemical kinetics?

         (a) Photosynthesis                         (b) Rusting of iron

         (c) Ionic reactions                          (b) All

Ans.-(b) All

Explanation-

• Photosynthesis, Photography, and Ionic reactions are too fast reactions and therefore, the rate of these reactions cannot be measured under reaction conditions. Hence, these reactions are not studied in chemical kinetics.
• Rusting of iron, Formation of fossil fuels inside earth crust, etc. are too slow reactions and therefore, the rate of these reactions cannot be measured under reaction conditions. Hence, these reactions are not studied in chemical kinetics.

 Rate of the Reaction

“The rate of change of concentration of any reactants or any products with time is called the rate of the reactions.”

Download complete pdf notes of Nucleic Acids from the following link-

pdf Notes of Chemical Kinetics

Important Tips for Preparation of IIT-JEE/NEET

• Select a good mentor for all the subjects. Several educational channels and the best Physics, Chemistry, and Biology mentors are available on YouTube for free. You may follow one of them for all the subjects rather than wandering here and there.
• Centralize your study to the NCERT books and one reference book each for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Don’t follow too many books otherwise, you would not be able to complete your syllabus. Always remember, different books differ being only nineteen or twenty in text quality, but never differ of being nineteen and twenty-five. 
• Follow quality notes of a good mentor for all the subjects. Don’t run behind the brand, but run behind the concise and effective notes of your mentor.
• Make your own capsule notes for revision.
• Maintain consistency and regularity in your preparation.
• Revise the prepared topics regularly. Always remember, revision is not a waste of time but it makes you perfect. Always keep in mind that, “Revision is division” i.e. Revision improves your marks and ultimately your rank in the final selection.
• Solve practice problems and previous year’s papers in the specified time frame. It would help you to finish your paper timely in the final examination.
• Always be confident in your preparation but never be overconfident. Always read the question carefully and then answer. You usually make mistakes in overconfidence and it has to be reduced.

Important Reference Books

(1) Physics-          (1) Concept of Physics by H.C. Verma

                             (2) Modern’s abc of Objective Physics

(2) Chemistry-     (1) Dr. O.P. Tandon (GRB Publication)

                            (2) Modern’s abc of Objective Chemistry

(3) Biology-         (1) Biology by Trueman 

                            (2) Modern’s abc of Objective Biology

Download pdf notes of chemistry for NEET/AIIMS and IIT-JEE from the following link-

Chemistry Notes for IIT-JEE | NEET

Download pdf notes of chemistry for Class 11 from the following link-

https://chemistryforcompetition.com/class-11-chemistry-notes/

Download pdf notes of chemistry for Class 12 (English Medium) from the following link-

Class 12 Chemistry Notes

Download pdf notes of chemistry for Class 12 (Hindi Medium) from the following link-

Class 12 Chemistry Notes in Hindi

About Shailendra Shukla Sir

By profession, Shailendra Shukla Sir is a senior executive officer in a very reputed power generation company. He has been a professional teacher of competitive chemistry for a long time and his sole aim is to provide quality guidance to the aspirants of UPSC, State PSCs, IIT-JEE, AIIMS, NEET, and Academic examinations, especially to those who belong to the economically vulnerable class of society and cannot afford heavy tuition fees of professional institutions. 
For Video lectures and Live Classes of Shailendra Shukla sir visit “Exacademy” youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLPxVWdS2VBCN8YZ7Xaqnlg

For pdf notes, video lectures, and online tests Download the “Exacademy” Mobile App. Click Here for download-
http://onelink.to/exacademy
You may also follow Shailendra Shukla Sir on the “Exacademy” and “Chemistry for Competitions” telegram channels and the “Exacademy” Facebook group.
The link for the “Exacademy” Facebook group is here-
https://www.facebook.com/Exacademy-103655395096011/

 

https://chemistryforcompetition.com/chemistry-ppts-for-tutors/

Nucleic Acids|Types |Composition|Structure

The nucleus of a living cell is responsible for the transmission of inherent characters from one generation to another i.e. it is responsible for heredity in living beings. The particles in the nucleus of the cell which are responsible for heredity are called chromosomes. These chromosomes are made up of proteins and another type of biomolecule called nucleic acids.

Nucleic acids are long-chain polymers of nucleotides and therefore, they are also called polynucleotides. 

Nucleic acids are mainly of the following two types-

(1) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

(2) Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Chemical Composition of Nucleic Acids      

Nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) on complete hydrolysis give a pentose sugar (ribose), phosphoric acid, and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds called nitrogenous bases.

In DNA molecules, the sugar moiety is β-D-2-deoxyribose while, in RNA molecules, it is β-D-ribose.

Download complete pdf notes of Nucleic Acids from the following link-

pdf Notes of Nucleic Acids | Types | Composition | Structure

Important Tips for Preparation of IIT-JEE/NEET

• Select a good mentor for all the subjects. Several educational channels and the best Physics, Chemistry, and Biology mentors are available on YouTube for free. You may follow one of them for all the subjects rather than wandering here and there.
• Centralize your study to the NCERT books and one reference book each for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Don’t follow too many books otherwise, you would not be able to complete your syllabus. Always remember, different books differ being only nineteen or twenty in text quality, but never differ of being nineteen and twenty-five. 
• Follow quality notes of a good mentor for all the subjects. Don’t run behind the brand, but run behind the concise and effective notes of your mentor.
• Make your own capsule notes for revision.
• Maintain consistency and regularity in your preparation.
• Revise the prepared topics regularly. Always remember, revision is not a waste of time but it makes you perfect. Always keep in mind that, “Revision is division” i.e. Revision improves your marks and ultimately your rank in the final selection.
• Solve practice problems and previous year’s papers in the specified time frame. It would help you to finish your paper timely in the final examination.
• Always be confident in your preparation but never be overconfident. Always read the question carefully and then answer. You usually make mistakes in overconfidence and it has to be reduced.

Important Reference Books

(1) Physics-          (1) Concept of Physics by H.C. Verma

                             (2) Modern’s abc of Objective Physics

(2) Chemistry-     (1) Dr. O.P. Tandon (GRB Publication)

                            (2) Modern’s abc of Objective Chemistry

(3) Biology-         (1) Biology by Trueman 

                            (2) Modern’s abc of Objective Biology

Download pdf notes of chemistry for NEET/AIIMS and IIT-JEE from the following link-

Chemistry Notes for IIT-JEE | NEET

Download pdf notes of chemistry for Class 11 from the following link-

https://chemistryforcompetition.com/class-11-chemistry-notes/

Download pdf notes of chemistry for Class 12 (English Medium) from the following link-

Class 12 Chemistry Notes

Download pdf notes of chemistry for Class 12 (Hindi Medium) from the following link-

Class 12 Chemistry Notes in Hindi

About Shailendra Shukla Sir

By profession, Shailendra Shukla Sir is a senior executive officer in a very reputed power generation company. He has been a professional teacher of competitive chemistry for a long time and his sole aim is to provide quality guidance to the aspirants of UPSC, State PSCs, IIT-JEE, AIIMS, NEET, and Academic examinations, especially to those who belong to the economically vulnerable class of society and cannot afford heavy tuition fees of professional institutions. 
For Video lectures and Live Classes of Shailendra Shukla sir visit “Exacademy” youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLPxVWdS2VBCN8YZ7Xaqnlg

For pdf notes, video lectures, and online tests Download the “Exacademy” Mobile App. Click Here for download-
http://onelink.to/exacademy
You may also follow Shailendra Shukla Sir on the “Exacademy” and “Chemistry for Competitions” telegram channels and the “Exacademy” Facebook group.
The link for the “Exacademy” Facebook group is here-
https://www.facebook.com/Exacademy-103655395096011/

 

https://chemistryforcompetition.com/chemistry-ppts-for-tutors/

Proteins|Classification|Structure

Proteins

Proteins are the most abundant biomolecules of the living system. Chief sources of proteins are milk, cheese, pulses, peanuts, fish, meat, etc. They are found in every part of our body and form the fundamental basis of the structure and functions of life. They are also required for the growth and maintenance of the body.

The word protein is derived from the Greek word,  “proteios” which means primary or of prime importance. All proteins are polymers of α-amino acids.

Amino Acids                  

Amino acids are compounds containing both amino (–NH₂) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups in the same molecule. Depending upon the relative position of the amino group with respect to the carboxyl group, the amino acids are classified as α, β, γ, δ and so on amino acids. However, proteins are polymers of α-amino acids and therefore, they give only α-amino acids on hydrolysis.

Download complete pdf notes of Proteins from the following link-

pdf Notes of Proteins | Classification | Structure

Important Tips for Preparation of IIT-JEE/NEET

• Select a good mentor for all the subjects. Several educational channels and the best Physics, Chemistry, and Biology mentors are available on YouTube for free. You may follow one of them for all the subjects rather than wandering here and there.
• Centralize your study to the NCERT books and one reference book each for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Don’t follow too many books otherwise, you would not be able to complete your syllabus. Always remember, different books differ being only nineteen or twenty in text quality, but never differ of being nineteen and twenty-five. 
• Follow quality notes of a good mentor for all the subjects. Don’t run behind the brand, but run behind the concise and effective notes of your mentor.
• Make your own capsule notes for revision.
• Maintain consistency and regularity in your preparation.
• Revise the prepared topics regularly. Always remember, revision is not a waste of time but it makes you perfect. Always keep in mind that, “Revision is division” i.e. Revision improves your marks and ultimately your rank in the final selection.
• Solve practice problems and previous year’s papers in the specified time frame. It would help you to finish your paper timely in the final examination.
• Always be confident in your preparation but never be overconfident. Always read the question carefully and then answer. You usually make mistakes in overconfidence and it has to be reduced.

Important Reference Books

(1) Physics-          (1) Concept of Physics by H.C. Verma

                             (2) Modern’s abc of Objective Physics

(2) Chemistry-     (1) Dr. O.P. Tandon (GRB Publication)

                            (2) Modern’s abc of Objective Chemistry

(3) Biology-         (1) Biology by Trueman 

                            (2) Modern’s abc of Objective Biology

Download pdf notes of chemistry for NEET/AIIMS and IIT-JEE from the following link-

Chemistry Notes for IIT-JEE | NEET

Download pdf notes of chemistry for Class 11 from the following link-

https://chemistryforcompetition.com/class-11-chemistry-notes/

Download pdf notes of chemistry for Class 12 (English Medium) from the following link-

Class 12 Chemistry Notes

Download pdf notes of chemistry for Class 12 (Hindi Medium) from the following link-

Class 12 Chemistry Notes in Hindi

About Shailendra Shukla Sir

By profession, Shailendra Shukla Sir is a senior executive officer in a very reputed power generation company. He has been a professional teacher of competitive chemistry for a long time and his sole aim is to provide quality guidance to the aspirants of UPSC, State PSCs, IIT-JEE, AIIMS, NEET, and Academic examinations, especially to those who belong to the economically vulnerable class of society and cannot afford heavy tuition fees of professional institutions. 
For Video lectures and Live Classes of Shailendra Shukla sir visit “Exacademy” youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLPxVWdS2VBCN8YZ7Xaqnlg

For pdf notes, video lectures, and online tests Download the “Exacademy” Mobile App. Click Here for download-
http://onelink.to/exacademy
You may also follow Shailendra Shukla Sir on the “Exacademy” and “Chemistry for Competitions” telegram channels and the “Exacademy” Facebook group.
The link for the “Exacademy” Facebook group is here-
https://www.facebook.com/Exacademy-103655395096011/

 

https://chemistryforcompetition.com/chemistry-ppts-for-tutors/

Disaccharides|Examples|Structure

“Such carbohydrates which yield two same or different monosaccharide units on hydrolysis with dilute acids or enzymes are called disaccharides”.

In disaccharides, the two monosaccharides are joined together by an oxide linkage formed by the loss of a water molecule. Such a linkage between two monosaccharide units through oxygen atoms is called glycosidic linkage.

In disaccharides, if the reducing groups of both the monosaccharides i.e., aldehydic or ketonic groups are bonded, then they are not capable to reduce Fehling’s solution and Tollens’ reagent and are said to be non-reducing sugars, e.g., sucrose. On the other hand, such sugars which contain these functional groups in a free state, are capable to reduce Fehling’s solution and Tollen’s reagent, and therefore, they are called reducing sugars. For example, maltose and lactose.

Download complete pdf notes of Disaccharides from the following link-

pdf Notes of Disaccharides | Examples |Structure

Important Tips for Preparation of IIT-JEE/NEET

• Select a good mentor for all the subjects. Several educational channels and the best Physics, Chemistry, and Biology mentors are available on YouTube for free. You may follow one of them for all the subjects rather than wandering here and there.
• Centralize your study to the NCERT books and one reference book each for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Don’t follow too many books otherwise, you would not be able to complete your syllabus. Always remember, different books differ being only nineteen or twenty in text quality, but never differ of being nineteen and twenty-five. 
• Follow quality notes of a good mentor for all the subjects. Don’t run behind the brand, but run behind the concise and effective notes of your mentor.
• Make your own capsule notes for revision.
• Maintain consistency and regularity in your preparation.
• Revise the prepared topics regularly. Always remember, revision is not a waste of time but it makes you perfect. Always keep in mind that, “Revision is division” i.e. Revision improves your marks and ultimately your rank in the final selection.
• Solve practice problems and previous year’s papers in the specified time frame. It would help you to finish your paper timely in the final examination.
• Always be confident in your preparation but never be overconfident. Always read the question carefully and then answer. You usually make mistakes in overconfidence and it has to be reduced.

Important Reference Books

(1) Physics-          (1) Concept of Physics by H.C. Verma

                             (2) Modern’s abc of Objective Physics

(2) Chemistry-     (1) Dr. O.P. Tandon (GRB Publication)

                            (2) Modern’s abc of Objective Chemistry

(3) Biology-         (1) Biology by Trueman 

                            (2) Modern’s abc of Objective Biology

Download pdf notes of chemistry for NEET/AIIMS and IIT-JEE from the following link-

Chemistry Notes for IIT-JEE | NEET

Download pdf notes of chemistry for Class 11 from the following link-

https://chemistryforcompetition.com/class-11-chemistry-notes/

Download pdf notes of chemistry for Class 12 (English Medium) from the following link-

Class 12 Chemistry Notes

Download pdf notes of chemistry for Class 12 (Hindi Medium) from the following link-

Class 12 Chemistry Notes in Hindi

About Shailendra Shukla Sir

By profession, Shailendra Shukla Sir is a senior executive officer in a very reputed power generation company. He has been a professional teacher of competitive chemistry for a long time and his sole aim is to provide quality guidance to the aspirants of UPSC, State PSCs, IIT-JEE, AIIMS, NEET, and Academic examinations, especially to those who belong to the economically vulnerable class of society and cannot afford heavy tuition fees of professional institutions. 
For Video lectures and Live Classes of Shailendra Shukla sir visit “Exacademy” youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLPxVWdS2VBCN8YZ7Xaqnlg

For pdf notes, video lectures, and online tests Download the “Exacademy” Mobile App. Click Here for download-
http://onelink.to/exacademy
You may also follow Shailendra Shukla Sir on the “Exacademy” and “Chemistry for Competitions” telegram channels and the “Exacademy” Facebook group.
The link for the “Exacademy” Facebook group is here-
https://www.facebook.com/Exacademy-103655395096011/